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Dorothée de Courlande

Dorothée de Courlande

Dorothée von Biron, princesse de Courlande, née le à Berlin et morte le à Sagan, comtesse de Périgord (1809), duchesse de Dino (1817, titre sous lequel elle est passée à la postérité, puis duchesse de Talleyrand (1838) et duchesse de Sagan (1845) est une princesse allemande célèbre dans toute l'Europe du XIXe siècle pour sa beauté et son intelligence. Elle est la maîtresse de Talleyrand.

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Théobald Piscatory

Théobald Piscatory

Théobald Émile Arcambal Piscatory est un diplomate et homme politique français né le à Paris et mort le à Paris.

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Dorothée de Courlande

Dorothée de Courlande
 

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (; French: [ʃaʁl mɔʁis tal(ɛ)ʁɑ̃ peʁiɡɔʁ, moʁ-]; 2 February 1754 – 17 May 1838), 1st Prince of Benevento, then Prince of Talleyrand, was a French secularized clergyman, statesman, and leading diplomat. After studying theology, he became Agent-General of the Clergy in 1780. In 1789, just before the French Revolution, he became Bishop of Autun. He worked at the highest levels of successive French governments, most commonly as foreign minister or in some other diplomatic capacity. He served as the French Diplomat in the Congress of Vienna. His career spanned the regimes of Louis XVI, the years of the French Revolution, Napoleon, Louis XVIII, Charles X, and Louis Philippe I. Those Talleyrand served often distrusted him but found him extremely useful. The name "Talleyrand" has become a byword for crafty and cynical diplomacy.

Talleyrand was Napoleon's chief diplomat during the years when French military victories brought one European state after another under French hegemony. Most of the time, he worked for peace so as to consolidate France's gains. He succeeded in obtaining peace with Austria through the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville and with Britain in the 1802 Treaty of Amiens. He could not prevent the renewal of war in 1803 but by 1805 he opposed his emperor's renewed wars against Austria, Prussia, and Russia. He resigned as foreign minister in August 1807, but retained the trust of Napoleon. He conspired to undermine the emperor's plans through secret dealings with Tsar Alexander I of Russia and the Austrian minister Klemens von Metternich. Talleyrand sought a negotiated secure peace so as to perpetuate the gains of the French Revolution. Napoleon rejected peace; when he fell in 1814, Talleyrand supported the Bourbon Restoration decided by the Allies. He played a major role at the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815, where he negotiated a favorable settlement for France and played a role in unwinding the Napoleonic Wars.

Talleyrand polarizes opinion. Some regard him as one of the most versatile, skilled, and influential diplomats in European history, while others believe that he was a traitor, betraying in turn the ancien régime, the French Revolution, and Napoleon.

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